Washington, 2025 – The development of heavy military transport aircraft reflects the growing importance of rapid mobility and global reach in modern defense strategies. From moving armored divisions to delivering humanitarian relief, these massive aircraft represent the backbone of airlift operations worldwide. As of 2025, here are the ten largest military aircraft currently in service or with enduring significance.
The Antonov An-124 remains unmatched in terms of payload capacity, capable of carrying up to 150 tons. Developed in the Soviet era, this giant continues to serve in both Russian military and commercial heavy-lift missions, with a wingspan of 73.3 meters and a unique nose-loading ramp for oversized cargo.
In the United States, the Lockheed Martin C-5M Super Galaxy dominates strategic lift capability. With a payload of around 130 tons and advanced upgrades, it supports U.S. intercontinental missions without refueling. Its distinctive design allows simultaneous loading from nose and tail, enabling rapid deployment of tanks, helicopters, and troops.
The Boeing C-17 Globemaster III, slightly smaller, is prized for versatility. Carrying up to 77.5 tons, it combines strategic range with the ability to land on austere runways. Since the 1990s, the C-17 has been at the forefront of military operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, and global disaster relief.
China has rapidly advanced with the Xian Y-20, its largest indigenous military aircraft. Introduced in 2016, the Y-20 lifts 66 tons and is central to the People’s Liberation Army Air Force’s modernization. Future variants equipped with WS-20 engines are expected to further increase performance.
Older giants still have a presence. The Antonov An-22, a turboprop behemoth from the 1960s, once held the record as the largest transport aircraft. Though largely retired, it symbolizes a milestone in Soviet aviation history. Similarly, the Ilyushin Il-76, with widespread global use, continues to serve across more than 30 countries in cargo, refueling, and command roles.
Japan’s Kawasaki C-2 represents the next generation of medium-heavy transports, carrying nearly 38 tons with long-range endurance. It reflects Tokyo’s push for enhanced defense self-reliance and global logistics capacity. Europe’s Airbus A400M Atlas, meanwhile, bridges tactical and strategic needs, with advanced avionics and a role in NATO operations since 2013.
China’s Shaanxi Y-9, based on the Y-8 platform, provides a versatile medium-lift option, supporting troop deployment and reconnaissance. At the tactical end of the list, the Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules remains indispensable worldwide. Its ability to perform short takeoff and landing missions on rough strips ensures it continues to serve over 70 countries with roles spanning cargo to humanitarian relief.
Together, these ten aircraft underscore how military airlift has evolved to meet rising global demands. With payloads ranging from 20 to 150 tons, they highlight not only engineering achievements but also the central role of strategic mobility in today’s defense and humanitarian operations. In a world where speed and reach are paramount, these giants of the sky remain critical instruments of power projection and global response.
